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The confrontation between the United States and Iran has emerged as one of the most consequential international security crises of 2026. Military operations that began on February 28, involving US and Israeli strikes against Iran, have transformed the regional security environment.

Iran retaliated with attacks against Israel and American interests in the region. The conflict has also created serious concerns about maritime security, international energy supplies and the possibility of a wider regional war.

One of the most important strategic developments concerns the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow maritime passage connecting the Persian Gulf with international shipping routes. Approximately one-fifth of global oil consumption normally passes through this strategic waterway.

Iran has made reopening the Strait conditional on negotiations involving a ceasefire, sanctions relief, unfreezing of overseas assets and the removal of restrictions on Iranian oil exports.